Alfred, 871 - 899; King of the Anglo-Saxons; England’s greatest ruler-the only one to earn and deserve the epithet, The Great.
Military Strategist; Leader, with profound gallantry, personally and repeatedly engaged in the van of armed combat; Founder of the defensive shield, the Royal Navy; Conqueror of the Danish and Scandinavian Invasions; Peacemaker and Statesman; elected Monarch who united England, instituted the Witan (administrative council); reaffirmed the Sovereignty of the Juror in deciding the law (viz. Unanimity); id est, government of Constitutional Legem Terræ Common Law Trial by Jury (cf. demos-kratein; demokratia, the people rule through Trial by Jury; the Hellenic Athenian Constitution of government by Trial by Jury); reaffirmed the judicial role of the Jurors in Trial by Jury, with convenors (nowadays misnamed ‘judges’) returned to their traditional correct functions, having no judicial role but merely court administration, security duties and subordinate to the principal official at Trial by Jury, i.e., the Jury’s elected Foreman (or today, woman); the originator and instigator of the culture of universal literacy; personally translated several literary works from Latin, including Boethius’ “The Consolation of Philosophy.”

The Principle of Unanimity was understood, and definitively and constitutionally established by King Alfred the Great in the following way:
King Alfred had Justice (judge) Cadwine hanged because Cadwine had a man named Hackwy put to death by hanging, without the unanimity of the jury of twelve men. In this case, three jurors pronounced the Not Guilty verdict against nine. Cadwine removed the three and selected three others who would also pronounce ‘guilt’.
Similarly, King Alfred had Justice Frebern hanged, because Frebern hanged a man called Harpin, when the jurors were still in doubt as to their verdict. Alfred established that when there is a doubt, it is in the interests of all people that justice should save rather than condemn.

See “The Mirror of Justices,” compiled and published by Andrew Horne in Old French. The Mirror was written within a century after Magna Carta. It contains an account of Alfred’s acts and judgements, thought to have been originally composed by him.
Also see Chapter Six, Vol. 2, ‘Works,’ by Justice James Wilson, co-author of the U.S. Constitution.

The Freedom Association believes a free society can only be maintained if there is adherence to the economic, constitutional and moral principles which alone can sustain that society. They quote U.S. President Thomas Jefferson:
"When the government fears the people, there is liberty. When the people fear the government, there is tyranny."
The Freedom Association was founded by Major John Gouriet, the Viscount de L’Isle, VC, KG, PC; Ross McWhirter and Norris McWhirter, CBE.

Highly recommended; a very readable philosophy contained in a Web book; and important articles including the Police State of America (see Side Issues).

Alfred, 871 - 899; King of the Anglo-Saxons; England’s greatest ruler-the only one to earn and deserve the epithet, The Great.
Military Strategist; Leader, with profound gallantry, personally and repeatedly engaged in the van of armed combat; Founder of the defensive shield, the Royal Navy; Conqueror of the Danish and Scandinavian Invasions; Peacemaker and Statesman; elected Monarch who united England, instituted the Witan (administrative council); reaffirmed the Sovereignty of the Juror in deciding the law (viz. Unanimity); id est, government of Constitutional Legem Terræ Common Law Trial by Jury (cf. demos-kratein; demokratia, the people rule through Trial by Jury; the Hellenic Athenian Constitution of government by Trial by Jury); reaffirmed the judicial role of the Jurors in Trial by Jury, with convenors (nowadays misnamed ‘judges’) returned to their traditional correct functions, having no judicial role but merely court administration, security duties and subordinate to the principal official at Trial by Jury, i.e., the Jury’s elected Foreman (or today, woman); the originator and instigator of the culture of universal literacy; personally translated several literary works from Latin, including Boethius’ “The Consolation of Philosophy.”

The Principle of Unanimity was understood, and definitively and constitutionally established by King Alfred the Great in the following way:
King Alfred had Justice (judge) Cadwine hanged because Cadwine had a man named Hackwy put to death by hanging, without the unanimity of the jury of twelve men. In this case, three jurors pronounced the Not Guilty verdict against nine. Cadwine removed the three and selected three others who would also pronounce ‘guilt’.
Similarly, King Alfred had Justice Frebern hanged, because Frebern hanged a man called Harpin, when the jurors were still in doubt as to their verdict. Alfred established that when there is a doubt, it is in the interests of all people that justice should save rather than condemn.

See “The Mirror of Justices,” compiled and published by Andrew Horne in Old French. The Mirror was written within a century after Magna Carta. It contains an account of Alfred’s acts and judgements, thought to have been originally composed by him.
Also see Chapter Six, Vol. 2, ‘Works,’ by Justice James Wilson, co-author of the U.S. Constitution.

The Freedom Association believes a free society can only be maintained if there is adherence to the economic, constitutional and moral principles which alone can sustain that society. They quote U.S. President Thomas Jefferson:
"When the government fears the people, there is liberty. When the people fear the government, there is tyranny."
The Freedom Association was founded by Major John Gouriet, the Viscount de L’Isle, VC, KG, PC; Ross McWhirter and Norris McWhirter, CBE.

Highly recommended; a very readable philosophy contained in a Web book; and important articles including the Police State of America (see Side Issues).